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Attribute selectors

The CSS attribute selector matches elements based on the element having a given attribute explicitly set, with options for defining an attribute value or substring value match.

Syntax

/* <a> elements with a title attribute */
a[title] {
  color: purple;
}

/* <a> elements with an href matching "https://example.org" */
a[href="https://example.org"]
{
  color: green;
}

/* <a> elements with an href containing "example" */
a[href*="example"] {
  font-size: 2em;
}

/* <a> elements with an href ending ".org", case-insensitive */
a[href$=".org" i] {
  font-style: italic;
}

/* <a> elements whose class attribute contains the word "logo" */
a[class~="logo"] {
  padding: 2px;
}

Values

Description

The case sensitivity of attribute names and values depends on the document language. In HTML, attribute names are case-insensitive, as are spec-defined {{glossary("enumerated")}}  values. The case-insensitive HTML attribute values are listed in the HTML spec. For these attributes, the attribute value in the selector is case-insensitive, regardless of whether the value is invalid or the attribute for the element on which it is set is invalid.

If the attribute value is case-sensitive, like class, id, and data-* attributes, the attribute selector value match is case-sensitive. Attributes defined outside of the HTML specification, like role and aria-* attributes, are also case-sensitive. Case-sensitive attribute selectors can be made case-insensitive with the inclusion of the case-insensitive modifier (i).

Examples

CSS

a {
  color: blue;
}

/* Internal links, beginning with "#" */
a[href^="#"] {
  background-color: gold;
}

/* Links with "example" anywhere in the URL */
a[href*="example"] {
  background-color: silver;
}

/* Links with "insensitive" anywhere in the URL,
   regardless of capitalization */
a[href*="insensitive" i] {
  color: cyan;
}

/* Links with "cAsE" anywhere in the URL,
with matching capitalization */
a[href*="cAsE" s] {
  color: pink;
}

/* Links that end in ".org" */
a[href$=".org"] {
  color: red;
}

/* Links that start with "https://" and end in ".org" */
a[href^="https://"][href$=".org"]
{
  color: green;
}

HTML

<ul>
  <li><a href="#internal">Internal link</a></li>
  <li><a href="http://example.com">Example link</a></li>
  <li><a href="#InSensitive">Insensitive internal link</a></li>
  <li><a href="http://example.org">Example org link</a></li>
  <li><a href="https://example.org">Example https org link</a></li>
</ul>

Result

{{EmbedLiveSample("Links")}} 

Languages

CSS

/* All divs with a `lang` attribute are bold. */
div[lang] {
  font-weight: bold;
}

/* All divs without a `lang` attribute are italicized. */
div:not([lang]) {
  font-style: italic;
}

/* All divs in US English are blue. */
div[lang~="en-us"] {
  color: blue;
}

/* All divs in Portuguese are green. */
div[lang="pt"] {
  color: green;
}

/* All divs in Chinese are red, whether
   simplified (zh-Hans-CN) or traditional (zh-Hant-TW). */
div[lang|="zh"] {
  color: red;
}

/* All divs with a Traditional Chinese
   `data-lang` are purple. */
/* Note: You could also use hyphenated attributes
   without double quotes */
div[data-lang="zh-Hant-TW"] {
  color: purple;
}

HTML

<div lang="en-us en-gb en-au en-nz">Hello World!</div>
<div lang="pt">Olá Mundo!</div>
<div lang="zh-Hans-CN">世界您好！</div>
<div lang="zh-Hant-TW">世界您好！</div>
<div data-lang="zh-Hant-TW">世界您好！</div>

Result

{{EmbedLiveSample("Languages")}} 

HTML ordered lists

The HTML specification requires the type attribute to be matched case-insensitively because it is primarily used in the {{HTMLElement("input")}}  element. Note that if a modifier is not supported by the user agent, then the selector will not match.

CSS

/* Case-sensitivity depends on document language */
ol[type="a"]:first-child {
  list-style-type: lower-alpha;
  background: red;
}

ol[type="i" s] {
  list-style-type: lower-alpha;
  background: lime;
}

ol[type="I" s] {
  list-style-type: upper-alpha;
  background: grey;
}

ol[type="a" i] {
  list-style-type: upper-alpha;
  background: green;
}

HTML

<ol type="A">
  <li>
    Red background for case-insensitive matching (default for the type selector)
  </li>
</ol>
<ol type="i">
  <li>Lime background if `s` modifier is supported (case-sensitive match)</li>
</ol>
<ol type="I">
  <li>Grey background if `s` modifier is supported (case-sensitive match)</li>
</ol>
<ol type="A">
  <li>
    Green background if `i` modifier is supported (case-insensitive match)
  </li>
</ol>

Result

{{EmbedLiveSample("HTML_ordered_lists")}} 

Specifications

{{Specifications}} 

Browser compatibility

{{Compat}} 

See also

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