overflow

The overflow CSS shorthand property sets the desired behavior when content does not fit in the element’s padding box (overflows) in the horizontal and/or vertical direction.

{{InteractiveExample("CSS Demo: overflow")}}

overflow: visible;

overflow: hidden;

overflow: clip;

overflow: scroll;

overflow: auto;

<section class="default-example" id="default-example">
  <p id="example-element">
    Michaelmas term lately over, and the Lord Chancellor sitting in Lincoln's
    Inn Hall. Implacable November weather. As much mud in the streets as if the
    waters had but newly retired from the face of the earth.
  </p>
</section>

#example-element {
  width: 15em;
  height: 9em;
  border: medium dotted;
  padding: 0.75em;
  text-align: left;
}

Constituent properties

This property is a shorthand for the following CSS properties:

Syntax

/* Keyword values */
overflow: visible;
overflow: hidden;
overflow: clip;
overflow: scroll;
overflow: auto;
overflow: hidden visible;

/* Global values */
overflow: inherit;
overflow: initial;
overflow: revert;
overflow: revert-layer;
overflow: unset;

The overflow property is specified as one or two {{CSSXref("overflow_value", "<overflow>")}} keyword values. If only one keyword is specified, both overflow-x and overflow-y are set to the same value. If two keywords are specified, the first value applies to overflow-x in the horizontal direction and the second one applies to overflow-y in the vertical direction.

Values

visible
- : Overflow content is not clipped and may be visible outside the element’s padding box. The element box is not a {{glossary("scroll container")}} . This is the default value of the overflow property.
hidden
- : Overflow content is clipped at the element’s padding box. There are no scroll bars, and the clipped content is not visible (i.e., clipped content is hidden), but the content still exists. User agents do not add scroll bars and also do not allow users to view the content outside the clipped region by actions such as dragging on a touch screen or using the scroll wheel on a mouse. The content can be scrolled programmatically (for example, by linking to anchor text, by tabbing to a hidden yet focusable element, or by setting the value of the {{domxref("Element.scrollLeft", "scrollLeft")}} property or the {{domxref("Element.scrollTo", "scrollTo()")}} method), in which case the element box is a scroll container.
clip
- : Overflow content is clipped at the element’s overflow clip edge that is defined using the overflow-clip-margin property. As a result, content overflows the element’s padding box by the {{cssxref("<length>")}} value of overflow-clip-margin or by 0px if not set. Overflow content outside the clipped region is not visible, user agents do not add a scroll bar, and programmatic scrolling is also not supported. No new formatting context is created. To establish a formatting context, use overflow: clip along with {{cssxref("display", "display: flow-root", "#flow-root")}} . The element box is not a scroll container.
scroll
- : Overflow content is clipped at the element’s padding box, and overflow content can be scrolled into view using scroll bars. User agents display scroll bars whether or not any content is overflowing, so in the horizontal and vertical directions if the value applies to both directions. The use of this keyword, therefore, can prevent scroll bars from appearing and disappearing as content changes. Printers may still print overflow content. The element box is a scroll container.
auto
- : Overflow content is clipped at the element’s padding box, and overflow content can be scrolled into view using scroll bars. Unlike scroll, user agents display scroll bars only if the content is overflowing. If content fits inside the element’s padding box, it looks the same as with visible but still establishes a new formatting context. The element box is a scroll container.

[!NOTE] The keyword value overlay is a legacy value alias for auto. With overlay, the scroll bars are drawn on top of the content instead of taking up space.

Description

Overflow options include hiding overflow content, enabling scroll bars to view overflow content or displaying the content flowing out of an element box into the surrounding area, and combinations there of.

The following nuances should be kept in mind while using the various keywords for overflow:

Specifying a value other than visible (the default) or clip for overflow creates a new block formatting context. This is necessary for technical reasons; if a float intersects with a scrolling element, it would forcibly rewrap the content after each scroll step, leading to a slow scrolling experience.
For an overflow setting to create the desired effect, the block-level element must have either a set height ({{cssxref("height")}} or {{cssxref("max-height")}} ) if the overflow is in the vertical direction, a set width ({{cssxref("width")}} or {{cssxref("max-width")}} ) if the overflow is in the horizontal direction, a set block-size (({{cssxref("block-size")}} or {{cssxref("max-block-size")}} ) if the overflow is in the block direction, or a set inline-size (({{cssxref("inline-size")}} or {{cssxref("max-inline-size")}} ) or {{cssxref("white-space")}} set to nowrap if the overflow is in the inline direction.
Setting overflow to visible in one direction (i.e., overflow-x or overflow-y) when it isn’t set to visible or clip in the other direction results in the visible value behaving as auto.
Setting overflow to clip in one direction when it isn’t set to visible or clip in the other direction results in the clip value behaving as hidden.
The JavaScript {{domxref("Element.scrollTop")}} property may be used to scroll through content in a scroll container, except when overflow is set to clip.

Formal definition

{{cssinfo}}

Formal syntax

{{csssyntax}}

Accessibility

A scrolling content area is not keyboard-focusable, so it cannot be scrolled by a keyboard-only user. Firefox and Chrome 132 and later are exceptions; they make scroll containers focusable by default.

For other browsers, to enable keyboard-only users to scroll the container, you will need to assign a tabindex to the container using tabindex="0". Unfortunately, when a screen reader encounters this tab-stop, it may have no context about the container and could likely announce entire contents of the container. To mitigate this, give the container an appropriate WAI-ARIA role (role="region", for example) and an accessible name (via aria-label or aria-labelledby).

Examples

Demonstrating results of various overflow keywords

HTML

<div>
  <code>visible</code>
  <p class="visible">
    Maya Angelou: "I've learned that people will forget what you said, people
    will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them
    feel."
  </p>
</div>

<div>
  <code>hidden</code>
  <p class="hidden">
    Maya Angelou: "I've learned that people will forget what you said, people
    will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them
    feel."
  </p>
</div>

<div>
  <code>clip</code>
  <p class="clip">
    Maya Angelou: "I've learned that people will forget what you said, people
    will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them
    feel."
  </p>
</div>

<div>
  <code>scroll</code>
  <p class="scroll">
    Maya Angelou: "I've learned that people will forget what you said, people
    will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them
    feel."
  </p>
</div>

<div>
  <code>auto</code>
  <p class="auto">
    Maya Angelou: "I've learned that people will forget what you said, people
    will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them
    feel."
  </p>
</div>

<div>
  <code>overlay</code>
  <p class="overlay">
    Maya Angelou: "I've learned that people will forget what you said, people
    will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them
    feel."
  </p>
</div>

CSS

body {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: start;
}

div {
  margin: 2em;
  font-size: 1.2em;
}

p {
  width: 5em;
  height: 5em;
  border: dotted;
  margin-top: 0.5em;
}

div:nth-of-type(5),
div:nth-of-type(6) {
  margin-top: 200px;
}

p.visible {
  overflow: visible;
}

p.hidden {
  overflow: hidden;
}

p.clip {
  overflow: clip;
  overflow-clip-margin: 1em;
}

p.scroll {
  overflow: scroll;
}

p.auto {
  overflow: auto;
}

p.overlay {
  overflow: overlay;
}

Result

{{EmbedLiveSample("Demonstrating results of various overflow keywords", "500", "620")}}

Specifications

{{Specifications}}

Browser compatibility

{{Compat}}

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