matrix3d()

{{CSSRef}} 

The matrix3d() CSS function defines a 3D transformation as a 4x4 homogeneous matrix. Its result is a {{cssxref("<transform-function>")}}  data type.

{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/css/function-matrix3d.html")}} 

Syntax

The matrix3d() function is specified with 16 values. They are described in the column-major order.

matrix3d(a1, b1, c1, d1, a2, b2, c2, d2, a3, b3, c3, d3, a4, b4, c4, d4)

Values

• a1 b1 c1 d1 a2 b2 c2 d2 a3 b3 c3 d3
  • : Are {{cssxref("<number>")}} s describing the linear transformation.
• a4 b4 c4 d4
  • : Are {{cssxref("<number>")}} s describing the translation to apply.

Formal syntax

{{CSSSyntax}} 

Examples

Cube squashing example

The following example shows a 3D cube created from DOM elements and transforms, which can be hovered/focused to apply a matrix3d() transform to it.

HTML

<section id="example-element" tabindex="0">
  <div class="face front">1</div>
  <div class="face back">2</div>
  <div class="face right">3</div>
  <div class="face left">4</div>
  <div class="face top">5</div>
  <div class="face bottom">6</div>
</section>

CSS

#example-element {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  transition: transform 1.5s;
  transform: rotate3d(1, 1, 1, 30deg);
  margin: 50px auto;
}

#example-element:hover,
#example-element:focus {
  transform: rotate3d(1, 1, 1, 30deg)
    matrix3d(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 6, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 50, 100, 0, 1.1);
}

.face {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  backface-visibility: inherit;
  font-size: 60px;
  color: #fff;
}

.front {
  background: rgb(90 90 90 / 70%);
  transform: translateZ(50px);
}

.back {
  background: rgb(0 210 0 / 70%);
  transform: rotateY(180deg) translateZ(50px);
}

.right {
  background: rgb(210 0 0 / 70%);
  transform: rotateY(90deg) translateZ(50px);
}

.left {
  background: rgb(0 0 210 / 70%);
  transform: rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(50px);
}

.top {
  background: rgb(210 210 0 / 70%);
  transform: rotateX(90deg) translateZ(50px);
}

.bottom {
  background: rgb(210 0 210 / 70%);
  transform: rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(50px);
}

Result

{{EmbedLiveSample('Cube_squashing_example', '100%', '300px')}} 

Matrix translation and scale example

Another transform3d() example, which implements an animated combined translate and scale.

HTML

<div class="foo">
  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Quos quaerat sit
  soluta, quisquam exercitationem delectus qui unde in facere necessitatibus aut
  quia porro dolorem nesciunt enim, at consequuntur aliquam esse?
</div>

CSS

html {
  width: 100%;
}
body {
  height: 100vh;
  /* Centering content */
  display: flex;
  flex-flow: row wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  align-content: center;
}
.foo {
  width: 50%;
  padding: 1em;
  color: white;
  background: #ff8c66;
  border: 2px dashed black;
  text-align: center;
  font-family: system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 14px;
  /* Setting up animation for better demonstration */
  animation: MotionScale 2s alternate linear infinite;
}

@keyframes MotionScale {
  from {
    /*
      Identity matrix is used as basis here.
      The matrix below describes the
      following transformations:
        Translates every X point by -50px
        Translates every Y point by -100px
        Translates every Z point by 0
        Scales down by 10%
    */
    transform: matrix3d(
      1, 0, 0, 0,
      0, 1, 0, 0,
      0, 0, 1, 0,
      -50, -100, 0, 1.1
    );
  }
  50% {
    transform: matrix3d(
      1, 0, 0, 0,
      0, 1, 0, 0,
      0, 0, 1, 0,
      0, 0, 0, 0.9
    );
  }
  to {
     transform: matrix3d(
      1, 0, 0, 0,
      0, 1, 0, 0,
      0, 0, 1, 0,
      50, 100, 0, 1.1
    )
  }
}

Result

{{EmbedLiveSample('Matrix_translation_and_scale_example', '100%', '400px')}} 

Specifications

{{Specifications}} 

Browser compatibility

{{Compat}} 

See also

• {{cssxref("transform")}} 
• Individual transform properties:
  • {{cssxref("translate")}} 
  • {{cssxref("scale")}} 
  • {{cssxref("rotate")}} 
• {{cssxref("<transform-function>")}}