scale3d()

The scale3d() CSS function defines a transformation that resizes an element in 3D space. Because the amount of scaling is defined by a vector [sx, sy, sz], it can resize different dimensions at different scales. Its result is a {{cssxref("<transform-function>")}}  data type.

{{InteractiveExample("CSS Demo: scale3d()")}} 

transform: scale3d(1, 1, 1);

transform: scale3d(1.3, 1.3, 1.3);

transform: scale3d(0.5, 1, 1.7);

transform: scale3d(-1.4, 0.4, 0.7);

<section class="default-example" id="default-example">
  <div class="transition-all" id="example-element">
    <div class="face front">1</div>
    <div class="face back">2</div>
    <div class="face right">3</div>
    <div class="face left">4</div>
    <div class="face top">5</div>
    <div class="face bottom">6</div>
  </div>
</section>

#default-example {
  background: linear-gradient(skyblue, khaki);
  perspective: 800px;
  perspective-origin: 150% 150%;
}

#example-element {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  perspective: 550px;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
}

.face {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  backface-visibility: inherit;
  font-size: 60px;
  color: white;
}

.front {
  background: rgb(90 90 90 / 0.7);
  transform: translateZ(50px);
}

.back {
  background: rgb(0 210 0 / 0.7);
  transform: rotateY(180deg) translateZ(50px);
}

.right {
  background: rgb(210 0 0 / 0.7);
  transform: rotateY(90deg) translateZ(50px);
}

.left {
  background: rgb(0 0 210 / 0.7);
  transform: rotateY(-90deg) translateZ(50px);
}

.top {
  background: rgb(210 210 0 / 0.7);
  transform: rotateX(90deg) translateZ(50px);
}

.bottom {
  background: rgb(210 0 210 / 0.7);
  transform: rotateX(-90deg) translateZ(50px);
}

This scaling transformation is characterized by a three-dimensional vector. Its coordinates define how much scaling is done in each direction. If all three coordinates are equal, the scaling is uniform (isotropic) and the {{glossary("aspect ratio")}}  of the element is preserved (this is a homothetic transformation).

When a coordinate value is outside the [-1, 1] range, the element grows along that dimension; when inside, it shrinks. If it is negative, the result is a point reflection in that dimension. A value of 1 has no effect.

Syntax

scale3d(sx, sy, sz)

Values

• sx
  • : Is a {{cssxref("<number>")}}  representing the abscissa (horizontal, x-component) of the scaling vector.
• sy
  • : Is a {{cssxref("<number>")}}  representing the ordinate (vertical, y-component) of the scaling vector.
• sz
  • : Is a {{cssxref("<number>")}}  representing the z-component of the scaling vector.

Formal syntax

{{CSSSyntax}} 

Examples

Without changing the origin

HTML

<div>Normal</div>
<div class="scaled">Scaled</div>

CSS

div {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background-color: skyblue;
}

.scaled {
  transform: perspective(500px) scale3d(2, 0.7, 0.2) translateZ(100px);
  background-color: pink;
}

Result

{{EmbedLiveSample("Without_changing_the_origin","200","200")}} 

Translating the origin of the transformation

HTML

<div>Normal</div>
<div class="scaled">Scaled</div>

CSS

div {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background-color: skyblue;
}

.scaled {
  transform: perspective(500px) scale3d(2, 0.7, 0.2) translateZ(100px);
  transform-origin: left;
  background-color: pink;
}

Result

{{EmbedLiveSample("Translating_the_origin_of_the_transformation","200","200")}} 

Specifications

{{Specifications}} 

Browser compatibility

{{Compat}} 

See also

• {{cssxref("transform")}} 
• {{cssxref("<transform-function>")}} 
• scaleZ()
• translate3d()
• rotate3d()
• Individual transform properties:
  • {{cssxref("translate")}} 
  • {{cssxref("scale")}} 
  • {{cssxref("rotate")}}